Module 6: Fiction, Fantasy, and Young Adult Literature - THE HIGHER POWER OF LUCKY

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA:

Patron, Susan. 2006. THE HIGHER POWER OF LUCKY. Ill. by Matt Phelan. New York: Antheneum Books for Young Readers. ISBN 1416901949

PLOT SUMMARY:

Lucky Trimble has been through a lot in her ten years of life, but the life-changing experience she has when she decides to run away is unlike anything she has been through before. With an absent father and a deceased mother who died tragically when Lucky was eight, Lucky lives with her father’s first wife, a French woman named Brigitte, in the tiny desert town of Hard Pan, California. An odd and eccentric girl, Lucky spends a lot of her free time listening in on twelve-step programs for recovering addicts of all sorts. Through these eavesdropping sessions, Lucky learns about people finding their “Higher Power,” and she becomes determined to find her own “Higher Power” and get control of her young life. When Lucky convinces herself that Brigitte will go back to France and abandon her like the other adults in her life, she makes the desperate choice to run away into the desert with nothing but her survival-kit backpack and dog. Things don’t turn out as planned for Lucky, though, as she is faced with a fierce windstorm, finding a five year old boy named Miles tagging along, and a bug in her ear. In the end, Lucky and Miles are found, and Lucky finally brings herself to say goodbye to her mother by scattering her remains in the windstorm. Brigitte and Lucky clear up the misunderstanding about Brigitte’s plans to leave, and Brigitte reassures Lucky that she will never abandon her and takes steps to legally adopt her. Lucky finally attains a much-needed source of stability and happiness in her life.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS:

The unique and eccentric cast of characters in THE HIGHER POWER OF LUCKY adds depth and intrigue to the story. Despite Lucky’s odd and unconventional behaviors, she is instantly likeable and easy to sympathize with. The reader can sense the strong emotions and desperate needs that drive her actions, and her uniqueness adds to the believability of her character. Especially refreshing is the depiction of Lucky as an individual girl that does not easily fit traditional feminine stereotypes. A bizarre fascination with twelve step programs and a fondness for bugs make Lucky unique and endearing. Similarly, Brigitte, Lucky’s French “Guardian,” is unique, charming, and likeable, and readers will find themselves hoping that Lucky stays with Brigitte forever. Other peculiar characters, such as Lincoln, Miles, and Short Sammy, also add to the appeal of this story.

The originality of the plot in this story provides readers with a fresh and exceptional tale. The uniqueness of Lucky’s circumstances gives depth to the plot and moves the story forward in a compelling way. As Lucky’s tragic story unfolds and her plan to run away materializes, readers will find themselves anxious to find out what will happen next.

THE HIGHER POWER OF LUCKY takes place in the small desert town of Hard Pan, California (population 43) in the present. Patron does a great job describing Lucky’s tiny hometown, and the extremely small population of the town plays a big role in defining Lucky’s thoughts and experiences. The setting is significant to the story, and readers will appreciate Patron’s ability to weave such an intriguing story in such a unique place.

Readers will enjoy following along with Lucky as she searches for her place in the world, and her pursuit for finding out who she is and where she belongs is a major theme of this story. The difficulties Lucky has experienced in her life leave her feeling alone and terrified of being abandoned by the people closest to her. The fact that she carries a “survival-kit backpack” with her is proof of this fear of abandonment. In her search for her “Higher Power,” Lucky eventually achieves the sense of love and security that she desperately needs from Brigitte.

Patron’s style reveals a unique, modern, and realistic look at Lucky’s young life. The dialogue between characters is believable, and the combination of bizarre circumstances and emotional tragedies makes for a truly fascinating story. Even some of the strange chapter titles, such as “Tarantula Hawk Wasp” and “Smokers Anonymous,” reveal Patron’s creativity and the unusual nature of the characters and story. The inclusion of small black and white illustrations throughout the story add to the visual appeal of the story and increase the reader’s ability to sympathize with Lucky’s plight.

While some may question the inclusion of some mature language in the first chapter of the book, THE HIGHER POWER OF LUCKY is a unique and convincing tale that deserves a place in any children’s collection. The eccentric characters and emotional plot will mesmerize readers as they hope for a happy ending and a loving home for Lucky.

REVIEW EXCERPTS:

From KIRKUS REVIEW starred (October 15, 2006):
“Hard Pan may be lightly populated, but every soul is uniquely unforgettable, from 5-year-old Miles, shameless cookie hustler, to Lincoln, serious knot-tying addict. Readers will gladly give themselves over to Patron, a master of light but sure characterization and closely observed detail. A small gem.”

From BOOKLIST (December 1, 2006 (Vol. 103, No. 7)):
“Patron's plotting is as tight as her characters are endearing. Lucky is a true heroine, especially because she's not perfect: she does some cowardly things, but she takes pains to put them to rights.”

From HORN BOOK starred (Spring 2007):
“The book's brief chapters reflect the cyclical, episodic nature of life in Hard Pan, while meandering yet meticulously crafted sentences illustrate Lucky's natural curiosity and the importance of storytelling in her life. Patron's sensory descriptions of Hard Pan and the surrounding desert, supported by Phelan's gentle spot art, animate this unique community.”

*Awards:
2007 Newbery Medal Winner

CONNECTIONS:

*Other realistic fiction by Susan Patron:
Patron, Susan. 2009. MAYBE YES, MAYBE NO, MAYBE MAYBE. New York: Aladdin. ISBN 1416961763 (Not yet published)

Patron, Susan. 2009. LUCKY BREAKS. Ill. by Matt Phelan. New York: Ginee Seo Books. ISBN 1416939989 (Not yet published)

*Activities:
Students may enjoy extending this story by writing the next chapter in Lucky’s life. What happens after Brigitte legally adopts Lucky? What happens next for Miles and Lincoln?

Another fun activity might be to have students describe the contents of their own “survival-kit backpacks.” What items would be important to have with you at all times? What is the personal significance of each item in your backpack?

Since the characters in THE HIGHER POWER OF LUCKY are so eccentric and unique, students may also enjoy the opportunity to perform a small part of the story as a Reader’s Theater activity.

Since the setting of this story is so unique and intriguing, children may be interested in researching rural desert towns like Hard Pan. They may want to know if Hard Pan, California really exists, and they may also be curious to learn more about what the words “hard pan” refer to (for information on hardpan soil see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardpan). Children may be fascinated by comparing and contrasting Lucky’s hometown with their own city or town.

*Websites:
http://alfocus.ala.org/videos/susan-patron-interview
http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/article/CA6440037.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardpan

Module 6: Fiction, Fantasy, and Young Adult Literature - MONSTER

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA:

Myers, Walter Dean. 1999. MONSTER. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0060280778

PLOT SUMMARY:

Can you imagine making a quick decision when you were 16 years old that would ultimately affect the rest of your life? This is exactly what Steve Harmon does in MONSTER. This story offers a unique look into the trial of Steve, a young aspiring filmmaker on trial for his participation in a robbery that resulted in the shooting death of a storeowner. Steve supposedly served as the “lookout,” going into the store prior to the robbery to check for cops or other problems. Although Steve did not stick around for the robbery or the shooting, he is faced with serious charges for his participation in the robbery and murder. Throughout the tense trial, Steve records his experiences through a screenplay based on his time in jail and the events of the trial. After all testimony is considered, Steve is eventually found not guilty and is free to pursue his life and dreams to make movies. The other participants in the crime were found guilty, though. In the end, Steve is left questioning himself, wondering if he is truly a monster and if he did consciously make a bad moral decision. He worries about how his parents view him now, and his lawyer gives him a cool reception after the verdict comes in, leaving Steven questioning what evil she sees in him. The trial is a triumph for Steve’s life and future, but his quick decision and consequential experiences may have changed him forever.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS:

MONSTER’s main character, Steve Harmon, will be very believable for young adults. On trial for his participation in a horrific crime, Steve is far from perfect. However, the reader is offered exceptional insight into Steve’s character through his passion for filmmaking, and it is revealed that Steve is not a violent or evil person. Instead, he is a typical teenager trying to fit in with a group of peers. This desire for acceptance leads him to make a bad moral decision that simply consisted of walking in and out of a store prior to a robbery. Young adults will easily relate to Steve’s dilemma, and the leap from one bad decision to a horrible chain of events is a believable one. In the end, the jury must have seen something in Steve to indicate that he did not intentionally participate in this horrific crime, reaffirming readers’ belief that Steve is a relatively good person caught up in very bad situation.

MONSTER’s tense, nail-biting plot offers an interesting and unique look at the experiences of a young man on trial for murder. Framed in Steve’s screenplay, young adults will find this plot fascinating, believable, and mesmerizing.

The setting of this story is primarily the prison and courtroom during modern times. The setting feels current and authentic, and Myers offers terrifying glimpses into what being in prison and on trial is really like. This dismal setting plays a significant role in the story, highlighting Steve’s fear and despair.

In MONSTER, Myers offers a unique exploration of the general theme of good versus evil. Steve’s morals are put into question, forcing an examination of what types of actions make a person immoral. Enmeshed in all of these moral dilemmas is Steve’s own struggle with figuring out who he really is and where he fits in. His choices and previous friendships leave him questioning if he will ever be a good person again as he approaches adulthood.

MONSTER is written in a very unique style, as a movie script/diary written from the young man on trial’s perspective. For Steve, viewing this experience in the form of a movie helps him distance himself from the harsh reality he is facing. For the reader, the movie script layout adds an artistic element to the story and personalizes the experience from Steve’s point of view. Myers’ choice of blunt, harsh language adds to the authenticity of the equally harsh situation, and the language reveals the intense emotion wrapped up in this story.

Myers carefully portrays the dilemmas of youth and the often harsh consequences of poor decisions in a credible and fascinating way. MONSTER raises some important questions about human nature and morality, and it deserves a place in any collection for young adults.

REVIEW EXCERPTS:

From SCHOOL LIBRARY JOURNAL (July 1999):
“Many elements of this story are familiar, but Myers keeps it fresh and alive by telling it from an unusual perspective. Steve, an amateur filmmaker, recounts his experiences in the form of a movie screenplay. His striking scene-by-scene narrative of how his life has dramatically changed is riveting.”

From HORN BOOK starred (Fall 1999):
“Arrested and charged with murder, sixteen-year-old Steve Harmon is writing a screenplay of his ordeal. Balancing courtroom drama and a sordid jailhouse setting with flashbacks to the crime, Myers adeptly allows each character to speak for him or herself, leaving readers to judge for themselves the truthfulness of the defendants, witnesses, lawyers, and, most compellingly, Steve himself.”

From BOOKLIST (Vol. 95, No. 17 (May 1, 1999)):
“The tense drama of the courtroom scenes will enthrall readers, but it is the thorny moral questions raised in Steve's journal that will endure in readers' memories. Although descriptions of the robbery and prison life are realistic and not overly graphic, the subject matter is more appropriate for high-school-age than younger readers.”

*Awards:
Michael L. Printz Award
National Book Award Finalist
Coretta Scott King Honor Book

CONNECTIONS:

*Other books by Walter Dean Myers:
Myers, Walter Dean. 2004. SHOOTER. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0060295201

Myers, Walter Dean. 2004. HERE IN HARLEM: POEMS IN MANY VOICES.New York: Holiday House. ISBN 0823418537

Myers, Walter Dean. 2005. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MY DEAD BROTHER. Ill. by Christopher Myers. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 006058291X

*Activities:
MONSTER lends itself well to a follow-up classroom discussion on a variety of moral topics. Older students will enjoy analyzing Steve’s decisions and discussing the options that he had. Since Steve is such a notable character, a deeper look into the motivation and meaning behind his actions, as well as the consequences of his actions, may prove valuable to students.

Having students write their own screenplays of an important event in their lives may also prove to be an engaging and meaningful activity. Writing about an event in this manner will force students to consider a variety of ways to convey their stories, such as emotion, setting, scene changes, dialogue, and visual effects. Some students may even appreciate the opportunity to share, perform, or even record their screenplays with a video camera for their classmates.

Since the end of the story leaves the reader questioning how Steve will fare after he is found not guilty, students may enjoy extending the story by writing about what happens next in Steve’s life. Is he successful at making films? How are his relationships with family members once he returns home? How his Steve’s experience changed him?

Students may also benefit from writing a letter to Steve at various times throughout his ordeal. Students who choose to write to Steve prior to the robbery can provide him with a list of choices that he can make in order to guide him towards a good moral decision. Students may also choose to write to Steve during the trial or even after he is found not guilty, asking him questions about his experience and offering him encouragement and suggestions for his future.

*Websites:
http://www.walterdeanmyers.net/index.html
http://english.byu.edu/Novelinks/reading%20strategies/Monster/Monster.htm
http://www.harperchildrens.com/schoolhouse/TeachersGuides/myers.htm

Module 6: Fiction, Fantasy, and Young Adult Literature - AMONG THE FREE

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA:

Haddix, Margaret Peterson. 2006. AMONG THE FREE. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0689857985

PLOT SUMMARY:

Will third-child Luke Garner finally find freedom in a world where third children are illegal? Readers will find out in this long-awaited conclusion to the Shadow Children series by Margaret Peterson Haddix. Luke has spent his entire life in hiding and conspiring against the Population Police. As an illegal third child, he has had to hide, run away, lose one of his friends, Jen, to the effort, assume fake identities, change his name repeatedly, and even join the Population Police in an attempt to destroy them from within. This seventh book in the series begins with Luke working as a stablehand in the Population Police headquarters. He is chosen to go along on a mission to issue new identification cards door by door. When they arrive at the town, Luke comes across an elderly woman who refuses to obey the Population Police’s commands. When the commanding officer orders Luke to shoot her, Luke drops the gun and runs away. For fear of being killed for disobeying a commanding officer, Luke is forced back into hiding. He later receives word that the people in the town seized the gun and stood up against the Population Police officers in their town. While in hiding, Luke encounters many people who have been negatively affected by the Population Police and the country’s extreme laws. He comes across a town without any food and houses in ruin. Luke hears that the Population Police have fallen from power, that many small riots against the police have taken place, and that the general population has taken over the Police headquarters. Luke goes back to the Population Police headquarters to check things out, and observes festivities, celebrations, and lots of food for everyone. However, the mood quickly changes for Luke as he discovers that people are still being brainwashed to blame illegal third children for the country’s problems, and Luke must stand up for what he believes in. He uses one of his favorite horses when he was a stablehand, Jenny, to get the attention of the crowd as he takes the stage to speak. Luke tells his story, and changes the crowd’s opinion. Luke is reunited with friends and family, and the story ends on a note of hope, change, and possibility for the future.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS:

Luke’s character is a compelling and dynamic one. Readers will easily identify with his realistic combination of good qualities and weaknesses. With Luke is a good person with a good heart, he is afraid of the frightening circumstances he is in and certainly does not charge fearlessly into battle with Population Police. In fact, Luke finds himself an accidental hero when he refuses to shoot the elderly lady and abandons the gun that eventually sets off the revolution against the Population Police. However, in AMONG THE FREE, readers do witness an important transformation in Luke. He progresses from a boy unsure of himself and how to survive into a young man capable of confronting a crowd on horseback in order to point out the brainwashing tactics and injustices of the Population Police. Luke learns what freedom really is, and he discovers that he is free to make choices and free to not fear what he truly believes in.

As a fantasy novel, the time and place are vague, but the reader implicitly understands that the story takes place in a bleak, futuristic time and place. Haddix carefully describes the ruined towns and devastating losses resulting from the policies of the Population Police. While the grim conditions take readers to a place that is likely very different from where they live, readers will not miss the point that these dreadful conditions could be possible anywhere when power falls into the wrong hands.

In AMONG THE FREE, all of Luke’s experiences and difficulties throughout the series come to a satisfying conclusion as Luke is finally able to stand up to the Population Police and bring about an astounding change for his country and for the many other illegal third children in hiding. This theme of good triumphing over evil keeps the reader cheering for Luke right up to the very end. Hope is abundant at the end of the story, and the frightening country where third children were once illegal has the opportunity to be set right again.

Haddix’s gripping style expertly weaves excitement and unpredictability into the story. With spellbinding cliffhangers concluding several of the chapters and exciting twists and turns throughout the story, the nail-biting plot makes it difficult to put the book down, and the reader will feel compelled to keep the pages turning. Ultimately, AMONG THE FREE offers a good conclusion to the Shadow Children series, and children will certainly enjoy this book.

REVIEW EXCERPTS:

From BOOKLIST (June 1, 2006 (Vol. 102, No. 19)):
“Ordered to kill an old woman, Luke--an illegal third child hiding out as a member of the organization he seeks to overthrow--flees, sparking a revolt that carries him back to Population Police headquarters, where he discovers a plot that forces him to make a life-altering choice.”

From HORN BOOK (Fall 2006):
“Haddix's swift adventure doesn't resolve every story line of the previous volumes but still offers a satisfyingly hopeful, open-ended conclusion.”

From SCHOOL LIBRARY JOURNAL (August 1, 2006):
“This is a light, easy read that delivers what it promises. Fans of the series won't be disappointed.”

CONNECTIONS:

*Other fantasy novels in the Shadow Children series:
Haddix, Margaret Peterson. 2002. AMONG THE BETRAYED. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0689839057

Haddix, Margaret Peterson. 2003. AMONG THE BARONS. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0689839065

Haddix, Margaret Peterson. 2004. AMONG THE BRAVE. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0689857942

Haddix, Margaret Peterson. 2005. AMONG THE ENEMY. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0689857969

Haddix, Margaret Peterson. 1998. AMONG THE HIDDEN. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0689817002

Haddix, Margaret Peterson. 2001. AMONG THE IMPOSTERS. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0689839049

*Activities:
After reading AMONG THE FREE, the conclusion to the Shadow Children series, students could be encouraged to compare and contrast the various books in the series. Students may enjoy discussing which books in the series were their favorites as well as noting differences in the characters as they move from book to book.

Since the story ends after the revolution’s success in overthrowing the Population Police, students may enjoy working together to create a new constitution for the country in the book. Students could be encouraged to include civil rights for third children in the constitution as well as general rights for a free country. Examining the framework for a government and ensuring the rights of all people could lead students to engage in thoughtful and meaningful discussions.

Although AMONG THE FREE is the final book in the Shadow Children series, fans of the series could be encouraged to write the first chapter of a make-believe next book in the series. Students could create their own titles for this next book as well as address what happens next in the lives of Luke and his family and friends now that the country is free from the control of the Population Police.

For true fans of the Shadow Children series, librarians could create a Shadow Children book club, encouraging children to read and share their thoughts on all of the books in the series. This would also be a great way for like-minded children to share suggestions for other fantasy books they have read and enjoyed.

*Websites:
http://www.haddixbooks.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_Children_sequence
http://www.simonsays.com/content/destination.cfm?tab=4&pid=357676

Module 5: Historical Fiction - THE WITCH OF BLACKBIRD POND

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA:

Speare, Elizabeth George. 1958. THE WITCH OF BLACKBIRD POND. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0395071143

PLOT SUMMARY:

What would you do if you were accused of witchcraft in Connecticut in 1687? Young Kit Tyler is faced with this frightening dilemma in THE WITCH OF BLACKBIRD POND. When her grandfather, her last living guardian, passes away and leaves Kit alone in Barbados, she makes the choice to sail to Connecticut to contact her aunt. Kit’s spirited personality and unconventional upbringing lead to immediate suspicion and disapproval amongst the Puritan community she finds there. Her lively and adventurous spirit does not mesh well with the strict, judgmental attitude of her new home. During this tumultuous experience, Kit finds comfort in a beautiful meadow and some unlikely friends. Kit befriends a sweet elderly woman named Hannah, who is an outcast in the community because people believe she is a witch. Kit also befriends an intelligent, neglected child named Prudence and Nathaniel Eaton, the captain’s son. As suspicions and accusations against Kit mount, she finds herself accused of being a witch and facing a terrifying trial that could ultimately lead to her death. In the end, the truth prevails as Prudence testifies to Kit’s good nature, leaving Kit free to pursue a romance with Nathaniel.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS:

The character of Kit Tyler is a passionate, spirited teenager who finds herself completely out of place in her new surroundings. Kit is able to remain true to herself throughout her experiences, making her a courageous and remarkable character. She is also a refreshingly strong female character, engaging in nontraditional activities for a girl of her time, such as reading poetry and swimming. Kit is by no means perfect, and her shortcomings, such as her impulsive nature, make her character even more believable and sympathetic.

THE WITCH OF BLACKBIRD POND takes place in Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1687. Speare describes the setting in great detail, noting Kit’s first glance of the cold, gray, dreary shoreline from the ship that brought her to America for the first time. This dreary grayness of Kit’s new surroundings is an important part of the story, foreshadowing the cold, uninviting attitude of the strict Puritan community.

The tale of Kit Tyler is the story of a girl wrongly accused who must stay true to herself and stand up for what she believes is right. She unapologetically befriends an outcast regardless of others’ perceptions and rebels against the established order of conformity. Her bravery and conviction win out in the end as she is cleared of the charges against her and free to pursue her own happiness. All of these themes will easily resonate with young readers and keep them captivated by this classic story.

Speare’s style combines a compelling plot with careful descriptions and gripping foreshadowing. Speare carefully balances authentic facts with a great storyline and memorable characters. The religious attitudes of the time are accurate, but they are woven carefully into the story through believable characters so that the historical details are not overpowering. The end result is a timeless story that seamlessly incorporates an important part of American history. This piece of historical fiction is a classic and should be a staple in any library that serves children and young adults.

REVIEW EXCERPTS:

From BOOKLIST:
"Strong plot, fully realized characters and convincing atmosphere distinguish this historical narrative of a girl whose rebellion against bigotry and her Puritan surroundings culminates in a witch hunt and trial."

From SCHOOL LIBRARY JOURNAL:
“The setting is the Colony of Connecticut in 1687 amid the political and religious conflicts of that day. Sixteen-year-old Kit Tyler unexpectedly arrives at her aunt and uncle's doorstep and is unprepared for the new world which awaits her…Through these conflicts and experiences, Kit comes to know and accept herself. She learns not to make hasty judgments about people, and that there are always two sides to every conflict. There are several minor plots as well, including three romances, which help to bring this time and place to life.”

*Awards:
Winner of 1959 Newbery Medal

CONNECTIONS:

*Other historical fiction novels by Elizabeth George Speare:
Speare, Elizabeth George. 1989. THE BRONZE BOW. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0395877695 (Winner of 1962 Newbery Medal)

Speare, Elizabeth George. 1985. CALICO CAPTIVE. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-18150757

Speare, Elizabeth George. 1983. THE SIGN OF THE BEAVER. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0395338905

*Activities:
This historical fiction novel would be a great complement to a unit on colonial American history and Puritan colonies. The novel gives readers a good idea of what life might have been like during this time period, and discussions about the novel could easily lead to further explorations of the attitudes and events surrounding this time period in American history.

A strong theme in this novel is dealing with prejudice and being labeled as an outcast of the community. Students could be encouraged to extend this theme by writing about times when they have felt like outcasts. Or, poetry dealing with not fitting into a group could be shared to highlight the significance of this theme.

Performing a small part of this novel through a Reader’s Theater script could help the history and storyline come alive for students. By adapting a part of one of the chapters and allowing volunteers to read aloud from a script, students will gain new meaning from this historical novel and will feel like they are in Connecticut in 1687 with Kit Tyler.

*Websites:
http://www.biblio.com/authors/419/Elizabeth_George_Speare_Biography.html
http://www.glencoe.com/sec/literature/litlibrary/pdf/witch_of_blackbird_pond.pdf

Module 5: Historical Fiction - CRISPIN: THE CROSS OF LEAD

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA:

Avi. 2002. CRISPIN: THE CROSS OF LEAD. New York: Hyperion Books for Children. ISBN 0786808284

PLOT SUMMARY:

What would it be like to have to flee from the only life you have ever known in order to save yourself and discover your true identity in medieval England? CRISPIN: THE CROSS OF LEAD carries readers through this fascinating storyline through the eyes of Crispin, the main character. After the burial of his mother, young Crispin flees to the woods. There, he overhears a secretive conversation between two powerful men. When the men spot Crispin, a chase ensues that eventually turns into a manhunt on Crispin’s life. When Crispin learns that he is wrongfully accused of stealing money from the steward’s manor and that he has been declared a wolf’s head, or an inhuman being that can be killed by anyone, he realizes that he must flee for his life. Befriended by an unlikely ally of a huge and terrifying man named Bear, Crispin runs for his life while trying to figure out who he truly is. Using the cross of lead given to him by his mother, he uncovers the secret to his past and discovers that he is the secret son of Lord Furnival. After Lord Furnival’s death, those in power would go to any lengths to keep Crispin’s identity a secret and protect their own power. When Bear is captured, it is up to Crispin to dig deep into himself to discover a courage that he never knew existed in order to save Bear and himself.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS:

Known only as “Asta’s son” in the beginning of the story, the character of Crispin is a captivating and memorable one. He is young and curious, but also uncertain of himself. When he is forced to run for his life and abandon the only life that he knows, readers will instantly empathize with Crispin and his plight as he transforms into a courageous and capable survivor.

CRISPIN: THE CROSS OF LEAD takes place in medieval England in the year 1377. Crispin’s small corner of the world, the village of Stromford, is thoroughly described. Stromford is significant to the story because prior to the manhunt for Crispin, he had never left the walls of his small village before. This gives a whole new meaning to the journey that Crispin is forced to go on because he must be brave enough to venture out of all that he has ever known.

The main theme prevalent throughout this tale is self-discovery. Prior to the events that led Crispin to run for his life, he knew very little about his true self and did not even know his real name. Crispin’s journey was not only about saving himself but also about learning about his past, discovering his hidden bravery, stepping out of his comfort zone, and claiming freedom from oppression.

Avi unfolds this story with heart-thumping and fast-paced action. His riveting style leaves readers captivated and anxious to know what is coming next. Avi provides an authentic look at the life of poor peasants in medieval England, and he masterfully balances the historical facts with unique characters and a plot packed with action and adventure. He manages to blend historical facts easily into this captivating tale of the corruption of power, self-discovery, and the attainment of true freedom. CRISPIN: THE CROSS OF LEAD definitely deserves a place in any children’s collection.

REVIEW EXCERPTS:

From SCHOOL LIBRARY JOURNAL (June 1, 2002):
“Avi has done an excellent job of integrating background and historical information, of pacing the plot so that the book is a page-turner from beginning to end, and of creating characters for whom readers will have great empathy. The result is a meticulously crafted story, full of adventure, mystery, and action.”

From HORN BOOK (September/October, 2002):
“From Crispin's initial religious dependence and inability to meet others' eyes to his eventual choice of his own path and freedom, the theme of self-determination is carried lightly, giving this quick, easily digested thriller just the right amount of heft.”

From BOOKLIST (May 15, 2002 (Vol. 98, No. 18)):
“Avi builds an impressive backdrop for his arresting characters: a tense medieval world in which hostility against the landowners and their cruelties is increasing. There's also other nail-biting tension in the story that builds to a gripping, somewhat confusing ending, which finds Crispin, once weak, now strong. Readers may not understand every nuance of the political machinations that propel the story, but they will feel the shifting winds of change beginning to blow through a feudal society.”

*Awards:
2003 Newbery Medal Winner

CONNECTIONS:

*Sequel to CRISPIN: THE CROSS OF LEAD:
Avi. 2006.CRISPIN: AT THE EDGE OF THE WORLD. New York: Hyperion Books for Children. ISBN 078685152X

*Activities:
This book would fit in perfectly with a unit of study on the Middle Ages. Students could use the book to develop questions for further study regarding life and culture during this time period.

CRISPIN:THE CROSS OF LEAD is a great piece of historical fiction to use when teaching the concept of social class in medieval England. Since Crispin and his mother were part of the poorest class of society, their characters would bring research on the division of social class to life for students.

Since the character of Crispin is such a remarkable one, students could be encouraged to do a character analysis of him. This character analysis could include listing Crispin’s traits as well as outlining his transformation throughout the story.

Similarly, students may want to further explore the intriguing character of Bear. Students could discuss some of Bear’s adventures in the story or even make up new adventures for Bear. Or, students may enjoy retelling a small part of the story from Bear’s point of view.

*Websites:
http://www.avi-writer.com/
http://suzyred.com/2004crispin.html
http://teacher.scholastic.com/clubs/pdfs/crispin_t.pdf
http://www.champlain.edu/majors/education/pt3/peter.koutroulis/ThematicUnit.html
http://www.hyperionbooksforchildren.com/data/books/tgpdf/07868264791291.pdf

Module 5: Historical Fiction - THE LAND

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA:

Taylor, Mildred D. 2001. THE LAND. New York: Phyllis Fogelman Books. ISBN 0803719507

PLOT SUMMARY:

THE LAND is the compelling tale of one man’s struggles and accomplishments as the biracial child of a white landowner and former black slave in the post-Civil War time period. With three white brothers and one black sister, Paul-Edward struggles with understanding his place in his family. He is educated and treated fairly by his father and brothers while he is a young child, but tensions rise as Paul-Edward enters his teen years.
His father begins treating him differently in order to prepare him for the harsh realities of persistent racism during that time period. His brother, also his childhood best friend, turns on him in favor of keeping his white racist friends. Paul-Edward eventually runs away with a friend named Mitchell at the age of fourteen after feeling betrayed by his family and about to get caught for disobeying his father’s command not to race another man’s horse. Throughout a series of work experiences and adventures (lumber camps, turpentine camps, working with horses, racing horses, furniture making), Paul’s one true dream is to own land like his daddy. Paul’s many hardships include being hated and treated poorly for being biracial by both blacks and whites, dealing with dishonest businessmen, being accused of stealing, having his hard work and land stripped out from under him by a double-crossing landowner, his best friend unknowingly falling in love with and marrying the woman he loved, losing his best friend Mitchell, and being turned down for help because of his ethnicity. In the end, his sister Cassie is able to give him a gift that will make his dream of owning land come true just when it seems like Paul is about to lose everything. Paul’s mama owned a small piece of land surrounded by his daddy’s land, and Cassie was given directions before Mama’s death to sell the land to help Paul out when the time was right. Cassie decided the time was right, and Paul got his land. Paul then married Caroline, Mitchell’s widow, after promising Mitchell he would take care of her and their unborn baby before Mitchell’s death. Paul and Caroline fell in love, married, lived on and worked the land, bought more land, and had several more children.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS:

THE LAND is rich with exceptional and strong characters. Even readers unfamiliar with the other books featuring the Logan family will be able to appreciate the remarkable traits of these characters. As the main character, Paul-Edward Logan is the embodiment of honesty, integrity, and hard work. Readers will immediately view Paul-Edward as a hero and easily sympathize with the hardships he faces, keeping the pages turning in the hopes that Paul will find success. From Paul’s point of view, his hardships and difficult experiences are clearly explained to the point that the reader feels like he/she is there experiencing those things with him. It is interesting to note that because of Paul’s ethnicity, the racism he experiences is not one-sided; he has difficulty being accepted by both blacks and whites because he is biracial. Cassie Logan, Paul-Edward’s black sister, and Mitchell, Paul-Edward’s best friend are also remarkable characters that will capture the reader’s attention and give deeper meaning to the incredible plot.

This amazing piece of historical fiction takes place in Georgia and Mississippi during the post-Civil War time period. The setting is integral to the story because race relations in America during this time period have a major impact on the characters and their lives.

THE LAND beautifully unfolds a deeply moving story about determination, hard work, independence, and overcoming obstacles to achieve dreams. Dealing with racism and prejudice is one of the major themes prevalent throughout the story. In addition to this strong theme, there are also a variety of other themes that readers will be able to detect. Paul-Edward’s transition from childhood to adulthood is exceptionally difficult for him given the circumstances of his life, giving the theme of growing up a deeper meaning for Paul-Edward. Also, Paul-Edward discovers that he is torn between two racial groups, and he struggles with not being fully accepted by either group. The complex nature of Paul-Edward’s family and his relationships with them are also important to the story. Finally, Paul-Edward confronts romantic difficulties when he falls in love with the same woman his best friend is in love with. All of these themes blend together well to give depth and authenticity to Paul-Edward’s character.

Taylor’s style can be described as to the point, authentic, and accurate. While some people may find some of the language used in the book to be offensive, the language and examples of racism lend authenticity to the story. Taylor does not attempt to gloss over or sugarcoat the difficulty that a person of Paul’s heritage during that time period would have faced. The difficult nature of some of the experiences makes the story credible and is necessary to truly understand Paul’s life. The story does a great job of encouraging the reader to examine racial issues and think about life in another time period. Taylor also uses heavy accents when quoting the characters, again adding authenticity to the story and allowing reader to get a better feel for who the characters are.

THE LAND deserves a place in any collection for young adults. With Taylor’s incredible combination of remarkable characters, strong themes, and engaging plot, readers will easily forget the lengthy nature of this book as they keep the pages turning to figure out what will happen next.

REVIEW EXCERPTS:

From BOOK REPORT (January/February 2002):
“This is a rich, mature coming-of-age story, full of complex, often painful issues of race and prejudice, the nature of love, and the power of family bonds. High school readers who have grown up with the Logan family will relish this latest installment. Highly Recommended.”

From HORN BOOK starred (Spring, 2002):
“Race complicates every relationship in young Paul Logan's life in this Reconstruction-era prequel to Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry. The son of a white land owner and his former slave, Paul comes to realize that to white folks he's "my daddy's colored son" and that black folks "think I think I'm better than they are." Taylor masterfully uses harsh historical realities to frame a powerful coming-of-age story that stands on its own merits.”

From SCHOOL LIBRARY JOURNAL (August 1, 2001):
“In this prequel to Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry (Dial, 1976), readers meet the relatives of the Logan family who lived during Civil War and Reconstruction times… It is wonderful historical fiction about a shameful part of America's past… For fans of the other Logan books, it is not to be missed.”

Awards:
*2002 Coretta Scott King Award winner
*2002 Scott O’Dell Award for Historical Fiction winner

CONNECTIONS:

*Other historical fiction novels by Mildred D. Taylor:
Taylor, Mildred D. 1987. THE FRIENDSHIP. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0803704178 (1988 Winner of Coretta Scott King Award)

Taylor, Mildred D. 1987. THE GOLD CADILLAC. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0803703422

Taylor, Mildred D. 1981. LET THE CIRLCE BE UNBROKEN. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0803747489

Taylor, Mildred D. 1990. THE ROAD TO MEMPHIS. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0803703406

Taylor, Mildred D. 2004. ROLL OF THUNDER, HEAR MY CRY. New York: Puffin. ISBN 0142401129

*Activities:
THE LAND is an excellent book to incorporate into a unit on prejudice and race relations in post-Civil War America. The unforgettable characters present a multitude of viewpoints, and nearly all aspects of race relations are explored. Since the novel explores so many perspectives on this topic, students will be able to see and further explore the complex nature of this topic during this time period.

Since one of Paul-Edward’s biggest struggles in the novel is purchasing his own land, students could be encouraged to elaborate on this struggle and outline the obstacles that stood in his way. This discussion could also lead to a look at budgeting and spending money.

Since Mildred D. Taylor has written many novels with some of the same characters or relatives of the same characters as THE LAND, Taylor would be a great author for students to read and compare several of her works. After comparing and contrasting some of her novels, students could be encouraged to create a family tree highlighting the connections between the various characters in Taylor’s novels.

*Websites:
http://www.teachervision.fen.com/reading/multicultural-literature/31177.html
http://www.olemiss.edu/mwp/dir/taylor_mildred/
http://www.carolhurst.com/titles/land.html

Module 4: Nonfiction - TEAM MOON

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA:

Thimmesh, Catherine. 2006. TEAM MOON: HOW 400,000 PEOPLE LANDED APOLLO 11 ON THE MOON. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0618507574

PLOT SUMMARY:

When man first walked on the moon back in 1969, the amazement and wonder felt around the world was beyond words. Catherine Thimmesh does an outstanding job of capturing that fascinating moment in history for children of today with engaging and awe-inspiring words and photographs. Thimmesh takes a closer look at the unsung heroes of this amazing event by revealing man’s first landing on the moon through the eyes and words of the hundreds of thousands of people who were a part of the triumphant team of Apollo 11. This incredible tribute offers both a historical account of how man made it to the moon as well as the phenomenal story of how so many people came together to make the unthinkable happen.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS:

Thimmesh’s accuracy in describing this event is impeccable, and it is clear that extensive research led to the inclusion of very precise details. The book includes many quotes from the people who were a part of Apollo 11, and Thimmesh wisely embraces an impressive variety of sources. These extensive sources are clearly cited throughout the book and listed meticulously at the end, along with chapter notes, acknowledgements, and an author’s note. Also included are an index, glossary, and suggested resources and websites for further exploration. Thimmesh goes above and beyond to ensure the accuracy of her portrayal of this historic event.

The organization of TEAM MOON is creative and captivating, taking readers on a ride that begins with the dream to land man on the moon. Next, the beginning stages of the trip to the moon are explored prior to a close look at a series of challenges overcome by the Apollo 11 team as they experience landing on the moon. Finally, the homeward journey is examined, leaving the reader feeling like he/she has just returned from an amazing trip to the moon.

The innovative design of TEAM MOON is certain to capture the attention of both children and adults. With various quotes, photographs with explanatory captions, and informational text on nearly every page, this book is packed with information laid out in an appealing, multisensory format. The breathtaking and historic photographs truly capture the essence of this exciting time.

Thimmesh’s ability to seamlessly blend quotes, facts, and emotion to accurately portray the intensity and complexity of this historic human experience should be celebrated. This book is sure to capture the hearts of a new generation of hopeful space explorers, and this incredible book will open everyone’s eyes to the team effort behind one of man’s greatest accomplishments.

REVIEW EXCERPTS:

From HORN BOOK starred (Spring 2007):
“Thimmesh introduces the 400,000-strong army that got Armstrong and company to the moon and back. The narrative balances what could have been a recitation of corporate names with a colloquial approach and high drama; primary source material gives specificity to the thousands. A striking white-on-black design and gorgeous archival photographs enhance this presentation. Back matter authenticates this highly original addition to space exploration literature.”

From KIRKUS REVIEW starred (May 15, 2006):
"’For me, that was the time in history and the event to participate in above all others.’ That comment, from one of the 400,000 involved in the team effort to put men on the moon in 1969, sums up the essence of this dramatic account of the work of people behind the scenes in the Apollo program. Illustrated with striking black-and-white photos, the white text on a black background of each page underscores the risk of this venture into the unknown.”

From LIBRARY MEDIA CONNECTION starred (February 2007):
“With exciting you-are-there language and stunning historical photographs, this book captures the excitement of the Apollo mission to the moon.”

Awards:
*The Robert F. Sibert Medal winner 2007
*Texas Bluebonnet Award book nominee 2008
*An NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book
*2007 ALA Notable Children’s Book

CONNECTIONS:

*Other nonfiction books by Catherine Thimmesh:
Thimmesh, Catherine. 2004. MADAM PRESIDENT. Ill. by Douglas B. Jones. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0618396667

Thimmesh, Catherine. 2002. THE SKY’S THE LIMIT: STORIES OF DISCOVERY BY WOMEN AND GIRLS. Ill. by Melissa Sweet. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. 0618494898

*Other books about the moon:
Schyffert, Bea Uusma. 2003. THE MAN WHO WENT TO THE FAR SIDE OF THE MOON: THE STORY OF APOLLO 11 ASTRONAUT MICHAEL COLLINS. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books. ISBN 0811840077

McNulty, Faith. 2005. IF YOU DECIDE TO GO TO THE MOON. Ill. by Steven Kellogg. New York: Scholastic Press. ISBN 0590483595

*Activities:
This book could be used in a unit of study on the history of space exploration. Students could create timelines with details on each major space exploration event, including the mission of Apollo 11.

Students could be encouraged to create a presentation on the moon after reading TEAM MOON. Presentations could include information about the first men to land on the moon, and students could create their own artwork related to the moon.

Students may enjoy listening to poems about space in addition to reading TEAM MOON. The artistic language of poetry could offer a good balance to the factual nature of this story.

Students could be encouraged to use the Internet to locate more resources and photographs on Apollo 11. With proper supervision, the Internet can offer a wide variety of additional resources on the moon.

*Websites:
http://www.childrensliteraturenetwork.org/birthbios/brthpage/09sep/9-20thimmesh.html
http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/imagery/Apollo/AS11/a11.htm
http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/apollo11/index.html

Module 4: Nonfiction (Biographies) - HARVESTING HOPE

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA:

Krull, Kathleen. 2003. HARVESTING HOPE: THE STORY OF CESAR CHAVEZ. Ill. by Yuyi Morales. New York: Harcourt, Inc. ISBN 0152014373

PLOT SUMMARY:

Are you inspired by tales of courageous individuals who are capable of leading people to bring about change? If so, then HARVESTING HOPE will be a great source of inspiration for you. This is the true story of Cesar Chavez, the man who led the movement that brought about much needed improvements in the treatment of farmworkers in America. Prior to Chavez’s movement, or La Causa, unfair wages and unbearable working conditions were a part of life for most farmworkers. Despite Chavez’s shyness, he stood up for what he believed was right by leading a 340-mile protest march. Chavez transformed from an unlikely leader into a hero that peacefully improved the lives of farmworkers.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS:

Krull portrays the story of Cesar Chavez accurately and objectively, including an “Author’s Note” that contains additional facts about Chavez’s life as well as a statement acknowledging the controversial aspects of his life. The details surrounding Chavez’s movement, La Causa, are revealed in a story-like format, and both the heroic and flawed human qualities of Chavez are exposed. Krull’s willingness to include Chavez’s genuine human qualities, such as stubbornness and shyness, lends credibility and authenticity to the story and allows readers to identify with Chavez and his struggles.

The organization of this biography is easy to follow, and the chronological layout makes sense for this type of story. Chavez’s tale begins with his childhood and follows him through times of trouble, such as when his family was forced to abandon their farm in order to look for work in California when Chavez was ten years old. The story ultimately leads the reader through a time of triumph for Chavez as an adult when his movement successfully and peacefully leads to change for farmworkers.

Yuyi Morales adds a great deal to the quality and appeal of this story through her gorgeous and illuminating illustrations. The warm, brightly colored illustrations cover both of the double pages of the book. Morales magically captures the emotions tied to this story, and her illustrations have a flowing quality to them, carrying the reader from one corner of the page to the other. Krull’s text is contained to one page of the double page spread, allowing the illustrations to flow freely and become as much a part of telling this inspirational story as the text itself.

Krull’s ability to weave this biographical tale in a captivating story-like format along with Morales’s beautiful and mesmerizing illustrations make this a perfect addition to any children’s biography collection. Children will be engaged by the beauty of this story and enlightened by the story of this courageous historical figure.

REVIEW EXCERPTS:

From SCHOOL LIBRARY JOURNAL starred (June 1, 2003):
“The dramatic story of Chavez's 340-mile march to protest the working conditions of migrant farmworkers in California is the centerpiece of this well-told biography…While sufficient background information is provided to support the story and encourage further research, focusing on one event makes the story appealing to younger readers.”

From HORN BOOK starred (Fall 2003):
“Showing how Chavez developed into an advocate and spokesman for migrant workers, Krull focuses on the march he led as part of a grape-pickers strike. The brief text creates a complex view of Chavez, and the mixed-media paintings are suffused with a variety of emotions. There are no sources, but this is an excellent choice for furthering understanding of racism, of nonviolent protest, and of the lives of workers before unions.”

From KIRKUS REVIEW (July 1, 2003):
“Krull and Morales introduce a long-neglected figure from recent history to a new audience in an informative, eye-catching manner. A notable achievement.”

Awards:
*Pura Belpre Honor Book
*Notable/Best Books (A.L.A.) 01/01/04

CONNECTIONS:

*Other biography books by Kathleen Krull:
Krull, Kathleen. 1996. WILMA UNLIMITED: HOW WILMA RUDOLPH BECAME THE WORLD’S FASTEST WOMAN. Ill. by David Diaz. New York: Harcourt Brace. ISBN 0152012672

Krull, Kathleen. 2004. THE BOY ON FAIRFIELD STREET: HOW TED GEISEL GREW UP TO BECOME DR. SEUSS. Ill. by Steve Johnson and Lou Fancher. New York: Random House. ISBN 0375822984

*Other books about Cesar Chavez:
Schaefer, Lola M. 1999. CESAR CHAVEZ. Mankato, MN: Pebble Books. ISBN 073680109X

Wadsworth, Ginger. 2005. CESAR CHAVEZ. Minneapolis, MN: Carolrhoda. ISBN 1575056526

*Activities:
This book would be a great addition to a list of resources for a class research project on Cesar Chavez. Students could be encouraged to utilize a variety of books like this one as well as informative websites to compile facts and information about Cesar Chavez’s life.

This story could also open up a discussion on civil rights and the history of famous civil rights movements. Children could be encouraged to complete a writing or art project depicting the importance of equality, freedom, and fair treatment for all. Yuyi Morales’s illustrations could serve as a great source of inspiration for further artwork on this topic.

*Websites:
http://www.kathleenkrull.com/
http://www.ufw.org/_page.php?inc=history/07.html&menu=research
http://myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=c_chavez

Module 4: Nonfiction - GORILLAS

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA:

Simon, Seymour. 2000. GORILLAS. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0060230363

PLOT SUMMARY:

Did you know that baby gorillas only weigh four to five pounds at birth or that the hair on a male gorilla’s back slowly turns gray as he gets older? You can find these amazing facts about gorillas and more in Seymour Simon’s fascinating book, GORILLAS. This book provides a wonderful combination of clear, comprehensible facts and striking photographs to give readers an understandable description of the lives of gorillas. Taking a journey through this book offers incredible insight into the lives of these remarkable creatures in a format that can be understood and appreciated by even young readers.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS:

Seymour Simon is an expert at writing informational books for children, so the accuracy of information contained in GORILLAS can be assumed to be of very high quality. Simon explains a vast array of facts about gorillas, including their physical characteristics, natural behaviors, an explanation of the three major types of gorillas, baby gorillas and their characteristics, gorilla families, daily life, facial expressions and communication, and the plight of endangered gorillas. Simon covers these topics with a simple, easy-to-understand writing style that is not weighed down with unnecessary details or bias. The facts are presented clearly, making this book an excellent choice for children.

The organization of the book is easy to follow. The book begins with general information on gorillas and where they live, and it increases in complexity as daily life, body language, and endangered species are examined.

The amazing full color photographs of gorillas certainly add to the appeal of this book. Not only are the photographs beautiful, but also they are strategically placed to complement the text. For example, a close up photograph of a gorilla’s hand is arranged next to text that discusses how a gorilla uses its hands and the gorilla’s ability to knuckle walk. There are also clear photographs of the various facial expressions of gorillas next to the section in the book that discuss this topic. It is clear that the photographs were carefully selected and arranged to convey specific information about gorillas.

The outstanding combination of clear writing and informative photographs make this book an excellent addition to any collection of nonfiction animal books. The eye-catching photographs will spark children’s curiosity about these marvelous animals, and the text will leave them full of interesting facts and appreciative of the magnificence of gorillas.

REVIEW EXCERPTS:

From HORN BOOK (November-December 2000):
“While the stunning, highly expressive photographs dominate in space and impact, Simon's concise and child-friendly writing means that a fairly full picture of gorilla behavior. . .is amply conveyed... “

From SCHOOL LIBRARY JOURNAL (2000):
”A clear, concise picture of these endangered creatures and their lifestyle. Simon includes information on the three gorilla species and their physical differences, their habitats, diet, daily habits, various behaviors, and decreasing populations. The extremely handsome, oversized color photos enhance the readable text and complement it perfectly.”

From KIRKUS REVIEWS:
"’The more you find out about gorillas, the more interesting and less fearsome they become’ is this prolific author's theme; he makes his case by matching appealing, shot-in-the-wild photographs to a fluently informative report on the gorilla's physical make-up and typical behavior.”

CONNECTIONS:

*Other nonfiction books about gorillas:
Stewart, Kelly J. 2003. GORILLAS. Osceola, WI: Voyageur Press. ISBN 0896586243

Patterson, Francine. 1987. KOKO’S KITTEN. New York: Scholastic Press. ISBN 0590444255

*Activities:
This book would be a great student resource for a research project on gorillas. There are numerous great websites children can use to learn even more about gorillas (and view even more photographs). Students could be encouraged to produce a report, poster, or slideshow presentation on gorillas and share the finished product with the class.

Children may also enjoy tying poetry into a unit on gorillas. Read some animal poems to the class and discuss how the poems capture the characteristics of the animals (check out http://www.poetryzone.ndirect.co.uk/animals2.htm for some animal poems). Ask students to write simple poems about gorillas. Prior to writing the poems, the class can brainstorm key vocabulary words to use in their poems.

*Websites:
http://www.seymoursimon.com/
http://www.seaworld.org/infobooks/Gorilla/home.html
http://www.koko.org/index.php

Module 3: Poetry - COMETS, STARS, THE MOON, AND MARS

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA:

Florian, Douglas. 2007. COMETS, STARS, THE MOON, AND MARS. Orlando, FL: Harcourt, Inc. ISBN 9780152053727

PLOT SUMMARY:

What could be more awe-inspiring than space? Douglas Florian proves just how fascinating space can be in this collection of twenty short poems about the wonder and magic of space. Each poem explores a different astronomical theme, and the collection includes a good balance of interesting topics such as galaxies, the sun, planets, and constellations. While most children are accustomed to learning about space through factual text and photographs, this collection will offer a refreshingly different and often humorous way to view space through the captivating and dramatic lens of poetry and paintings.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS:

Each succinct poem contains a natural rhyming rhythm that is perfect for a read aloud. Florian’s careful word choice and smooth rhymes are sure to catch and hold the attention of children. The clever combination of humor and catchy rhymes in poems like “Pluto” adds to the overall appeal of the collection: “Pluto was a planet. / Pluto was admired. / Pluto was a planet. / Till one day it got fired.” Florian masterfully weaves subtle depth and imagery into the seemingly simple and straightforward poems. The stimulating poem “The Universe” is an excellent example of Florian’s ability to subtly evoke thought and emotion from readers: “The universe is every place, / Including all the e m p t y space. / It’s every star and galaxy, / All objects of astronomy, / Geography, zoology / (Each cat and dog and bumblebee), / All persons throughout history - / Including you, / Including me.”

The layout of the book further adds to the read aloud quality of the collection. Florian devotes two side-by-side pages to each poem and related painting, allowing the reader (or listener) to focus on the single space-related topic of each poem and painting without the distraction of other poems or pictures. Florian’s own incredible paintings definitely augment the superb quality of this poetry collection, and readers will easily find themselves mesmerized by the unique and collage-like artwork. The playful arrangement of lines in poems such as “A Galaxy,” which arranges the lines of the poem in the shape of a spiral, also enhances the allure of this collection. An additional bonus is the inclusion of die-cut holes on many of the pages, which adds texture and the illusion of depth to the paintings. Florian rounds out this phenomenal collection of poetry with a table of contents, a glossary of astronomical terms, and a bibliography of recommended reading and websites to learn even more about space.

I would highly recommend COMETS, STARS, THE MOON, AND MARS for any children’s poetry collection. Not only will children learn a great deal on a wide variety of space topics, but they will also be exposed to the magnetism of excellent poetry while exploring an immensely popular topic. The space theme is sure to motivate children to pick up this book of poetry, and once they do, the captivating poems and stellar paintings will lead them to seek more of Florian’s work.

REVIEW EXCERPTS:

From BOOKLIST (April 1, 2007 (Vol. 103, No. 15)):
“This large-format book looks at astronomy through the magnifying, clarifying lens of poetry. Each broad double-page spread features a short, accessible poem about a subject such as the sun, each of its planets, a comet, a constellation, or the universe, set within an impressive painting.”

From KIRKUS REVIEW starred (March 15, 2007):
“Stunning mixed-media illustrations accompany a series of poems that celebrate the wonder and mystery of space. From the universe, the sequence narrows its focus to the galaxy, the solar system and then each body in turn, from the sun to poor demoted Pluto, and beyond. The verse is characteristically playful, wrapping itself around astronomical facts with ease.”

From SCHOOL LIBRARY JOURNAL starred (July 1, 2007):
“Nothing gladdens the heart of believers in good poetry for children more than a new collection by Florian, whose verses and paintings consistently capture the essence of his featured themes. This one literally sings the music of the spheres.”

CONNECTIONS:

*Other poetry books by Douglas Florian:
Florian, Douglas. 2003. AUTUMNBLINGS. New York: Greenwillow Books. ISBN 0060092793

Florian, Douglas. 2006. HANDSPRINGS. New York: Greenwillow Books. ISBN 0060092815

Florian, Douglas. 1998. INSECTLOPEDIA. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace. ISBN 0152013067

*Other books about space:
Rau, Dana Meachen. 2003. COMETS, ASTEROIDS, AND METEOROIDS. Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point Books. ISBN 0756504376

McNulty, Faith. 2005. IF YOU DECIDE TO GO TO THE MOON. Ill. by Steven Kellogg. New York: Scholastic Press. ISBN 0590483595

*Activities:
This book would make a great addition to unit on space, balancing out fact and photographs with poetic language and gorgeous paintings. This unit could motivate students to grab a telescope or pair of binoculars and explore the night sky.

Since the paintings in this collection are so amazing, this book could be used as a source of inspiration for a space-related art lesson. Students could be encouraged to choose an aspect of space to depict in their own watercolor drawings.

Students could also be encouraged to write their own space-related poems. When given an extensive list of space words, even young children can create poems about this majestic and amazing topic.

*Websites:
http://www.gigglepotz.com/space.htm
http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/StarChild.html
http://www.kidsastronomy.com/

Module 3: Poetry - TOASTING MARSHMALLOWS

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA:

George, Kristine O’Connell. 2001. TOASTING MARSHMALLOWS: CAMPING POEMS. Ill. by Kate Kiesler. New York: Clarion Books. ISBN 061804597X

PLOT SUMMARY:

Going camping with family can be one of the most wholesome, powerful, and moving experiences of childhood. In this collection of thirty concise yet engaging poems, Kristine O’Connell George manages to describe a variety of camping experiences in a way that is sure to mesmerize young readers. From pitching a tent to toasting marshmallows, George portrays the vivid, sensory-rich experiences of heading to the great outdoors in the beautiful and dramatic language of poetry.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS:

TOASTING MARSHMALLOWS offers an excellent balance of free verse and rhyming poems, with each of the thirty poems contributing something unique to the collection. Both the rhythm and rhymes used sound natural and effortless when read aloud, making this a great poetry collection to share with young children. The playful arrangement of lines and spaces in several of the poems also adds to the appeal of the collection. For example, the lines of the poem “Tent” form a triangular tent shape, and each stanza in the poem “Flashlight” is carefully separated from the other three stanzas to give the illusion of four flashlight beams. In “Mosquito Song,” George also has fun exaggerating sound to replicate a buzzing mosquito: “It’s meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee! / Mosqueeeeeeeeeeeeeeto!”

George is particularly skilled at utilizing language in engaging ways in this collection of camping poems. From personifying the moon in “Eavesdropping” to comparing a person in a sleeping bag to a caterpillar in a cloth cocoon in “Sleeping Bag,” George expertly weaves figurative language into her poems in ways that children can identify with. The careful word choice and captivating language of these poems will surely evoke powerful emotions in anyone who appreciates the beauty and wonder of nature.

Kate Kiesler’s wonderful paintings add to the power and appeal of the collection. Children will enjoy the beautiful visuals that accompany each poem as they are read aloud, and Kiesler does a great job of complementing the poems while capturing the vibrant sights of camping and the great outdoors. Readers will long to dive into Kiesler's paintings and toast marshmallows of their own under the gorgeous starry night sky.

TOASTING MARSHMALLOWS is an excellent poetry choice for children’s collections, and children will want to read and experience more of George’s poetry after reading this collection.

REVIEW EXCERPTS:

From PUBLISHERS WEEKLY (March 11, 2001):
“Like their previous collaborations, The Great Frog Race and Old Elm Speaks, this volume by George and Kiesler is as delicious as a toasted marshmallow treat. George's poems are well crafted, varied and easily accessible.”

From SCHOOL LIBRARY JOURNAL (July 1, 2001):
“George has penned 30 sublimely simple poems that capture the sights, sounds, smells, and sensations of a family's camping trip, from pitching the tent to pulling up stakes and returning home. All of the selections convey a child-focused sense of wonder as the campers explore the lakefront and surrounding terrain, enjoy the marvels of the natural world, relish meals round the campfire, and toast marshmallows ("This is art-/a time of serious reflection/as my pillowed confection/slowly reaches golden perfection").“

From KIRKUS REVIEW (February 1, 2001):
“George deftly describes the satisfying sequence of familiar events in a summer camping experience in this collection of 30 related poems perfectly paired once again with Kiesler's inviting oil paintings (The Great Frog Race and Other Poems, 1998, etc.).”

CONNECTIONS:

*Other poetry books by Kristine O’Connell George:
George, Kristine O’Connell. 1998. OLD ELM SPEAKS: TREE POEMS. Ill. by Kate Kiesler. New York: Clarion Books. ISBN 0395876117

George, Kristine O’Connell. 1997. THE GREAT FROG RACE. Ill. by Kate Kiesler. New York: Clarion Books. ISBN 0395776074

*Other books about camping:
Van Dusen, Chris. 2003. A CAMPING SPREE WITH MR. MAGEE. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books. ISBN 0811836037

Ruurs, Margriet. 2004. WHEN WE GO CAMPING. Ill. by Andrew Kiss. New York: Tundra Books. ISBN 0887766854

*Activities:
This collection of poems would be perfect to use during a unit on camping or the outdoors. Create a pretend campfire out of red, yellow, and orange paper, and grab some flashlights to read the poems out loud around your indoor campfire!

Students could also be encouraged to write their own short poems about camping or the outdoors. Writing poetry will be easier and more enjoyable when students draw on their own personal memories and experiences.

*Websites:
http://www.atozteacherstuff.com/Themes/Camping/index.shtml
http://www.kristinegeorge.com/